Cerebral Ischemia https://greenmedinfo.com/category/keywords/Cerebral%20Ischemia en Dried peel powder of C. kawachiensis had a neuroprotective effect against ischemic brain injury. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dried-peel-powder-c-kawachiensis-had-neuroprotective-effect-against-ischemic-b n/a PMID:  Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2018 Apr 4:1-9. Epub 2018 Apr 4. PMID: 29618282 Abstract Title:  Neuroprotective effect of Citrus kawachiensis (Kawachi Bankan) peels, a rich source of naringin, against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Abstract:  Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is known to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that naringin (NGIN) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We previously reported that Citrus kawachiensis contains a large quantity of NGIN in its peel. In the present study, we orally (p.o.) administered dried peel powder of C. kawachiensis to mice of a transient global ischemia model and found in the hippocampus region that it 1) suppressed neuronal cell death, 2) reversed the reduction in the level of phosphorylated calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, 3) had the tendency to reverse the reduction in the level of glutathione, and 4) blocked excessive activation of microglia and astrocytes. These results suggested that the dried peel powder of C. kawachiensis had a neuroprotective effect against ischemic brain via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. We also showed that these effects of the dried peel powder were more powerful than those obtained with a comparable amount of NGIN alone. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/dried-peel-powder-c-kawachiensis-had-neuroprotective-effect-against-ischemic-b#comments Cerebral Ischemia Citrus naringin Citrus Peel Fruit: All Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Neuroprotective Agents Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Cerebral Ischemia Citrus naringin Citrus Peel Fruit: All Neuroprotective Agents Animal Study Mon, 09 Apr 2018 19:11:48 +0000 greenmedinfo 162378 at https://greenmedinfo.com Goji polysaccharide can exert functional recovery of memory and motor coordination deficits in cerebral ischemic injured mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/goji-polysaccharide-can-exert-functional-recovery-memory-and-motor-coordinatio n/a PMID:  Neurochem Res. 2017 May 15. Epub 2017 May 15. PMID: 28508173 Abstract Title:  Neuroprotective Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide on Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury in Mice. Abstract:  Increasing evidence demonstrates inflammation contributes to neuronal death following cerebral ischemia. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) has been reported to prevent scopolamine-induced cognitive and memory deficits. We recently indicated that LBP exerts neuroprotective effect against focal cerebral ischemic injury in mice via attenuating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of LBP against the behavioral dysfunction induced by focal cerebral ischemia injury in mice. Following 7 successive days of pretreatment with LBP (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) and nimodipine (4 mg/kg) by intragastric gavage, mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Following reperfusion, cerebral blood flows, the total power of the spontaneous EEG, and morphological changes were estimated. Learning and memory ability, and motor coordination were determined by Morris water maze task, rotarod and grip test. Western blot analysis, Real-Time fluorogenic PCR assays, and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the expression of proinflammatory mediators and activation of microglia. The present study showed that LBP pretreatment significantly enhanced regional cortical blood flow and the total power of the spontaneous EEG, improved memory and motor coordination impairments, and inhibited over-activation of microglia and astrocytes after MCAO. Further study demonstrated LBP suppressed MCAO-induced activations of P65 NF-κB andP38 MAPK, and prevented up-regulations of proinflammatory mediators in hippocampus. Our data suggest that LBP can exert functional recovery of memory and motor coordination deficits and neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemic injury in mice. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/goji-polysaccharide-can-exert-functional-recovery-memory-and-motor-coordinatio#comments Cerebral Ischemia Goji Neuroprotective Agents Cerebral Ischemia Goji Neuroprotective Agents Polysaccharides Animal Study Wed, 07 Jun 2017 02:48:23 +0000 greenmedinfo 148774 at https://greenmedinfo.com Quercetin attenuates the injury-induced reduction of γ-enolase expression in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/quercetin-attenuates-injury-induced-reduction-enolase-expression-middle-cerebr n/a PMID:  Lab Anim Res. 2017 Dec ;33(4):308-314. Epub 2017 Dec 31. PMID: 29399028 Abstract Title:  Quercetin attenuates the injury-induced reduction ofγ-enolase expression in a middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model. Abstract:  Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, copiously exists in vegetable, fruits and tea. Quercetin is beneficial to neurodegenerative disorders via its strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.γ-Enolase is one of the enzymes of glycolytic pathway and is predominantly expressed in neuronal cells. The aim of the present study is to verify whether quercetin modulates the expression of γ-enolase in brain ischemic injury. Adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and quercetin (50 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered by intraperitoneal injection at 1 h before MCAO onset. A proteomics study, Western blot analysis, reversetranscription-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to investigate the change of γ-enolase expression level.We identified a decline in γ-enolase expression in MCAO-operated animal model using a proteomic approach. However, quercetin treatment significantly attenuated this decline. These results were confirmed using Western blot analysis, reverse transcription-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining techniques. γ-Enolase is accepted as a neuron specific energy synthesis enzyme, and quercetin modulates γ-enolase in a MCAO animal model. Thus, our findings can suggest the possibility that quercetin regulates γ-enolase expression in response to cerebral ischemia, which likely contributes to the neuroprotective effect of quercetin. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/quercetin-attenuates-injury-induced-reduction-enolase-expression-middle-cerebr#comments Cerebral Ischemia Quercetin Neuroprotective Agents Cerebral Ischemia Neuroprotective Agents QUERCETIN Animal Study Thu, 08 Feb 2018 04:12:16 +0000 greenmedinfo 159494 at https://greenmedinfo.com β-Caryophyllene protects in vitro neurovascular unit against oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation-induced injury. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/caryophyllene-protects-vitro-neurovascular-unit-against-oxygen-glucose-depriva n/a PMID:  J Neurochem. 2016 12 ;139(5):757-768. Epub 2016 Sep 19. PMID: 27565895 Abstract Title:  β-Caryophyllene protects in vitro neurovascular unit against oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation-induced injury. Abstract:  β-Caryophyllene (BCP) mediates neuroprotection in cerebral ischemic animals. The neurovascular unit (NVU) acts as an intricate network to maintain the neuronal homeostatic microenvironment. However, the effects exerted by BCP on NVU remain unclear. Therefore, we established an in vitro NVU model to investigate the effects of BCP on oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury. This model involved the co-culture of brain microvascular endothelial cells, neurons, and astrocytes. BCP (10 μmol/L) was applied for 24 h prior to OGD/R and maintained throughout OGD/R. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuronal apoptosis were analyzed. BCP pre-treatment prior to the initiation of OGD/R significantly (i) decreased BBB permeability and neuronal apoptosis, (ii) mitigated oxidative stress damage and the release of inflammatory cytokines, (iii) down-regulated Bax expression, metalloproteinase-9 activity and expression, and (iv) up-regulated claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1, growth-associated protein-43 and Bcl-2 expression. Thus, BCP pre-treatment exerted multiple protective effects on NVU in the context of OGD/R-induced injury. These protective effects potentially occur via reductions in oxidative stress damage and inflammatory cytokines that induce BBB breakdown, subsequently resulting in reduced neuronal apoptosis. The NVU serves as putative therapeutic targets for cerebral ischemia, and the results of this study provide new insights for the application of BCP as a neuroprotective agent. https://greenmedinfo.com/article/caryophyllene-protects-vitro-neurovascular-unit-against-oxygen-glucose-depriva#comments Beta-Caryophyllene Cerebral Ischemia Hypoxia Neuroprotective Agents Beta-Caryophyllene Cerebral Ischemia Hypoxia Neuroprotective Agents In Vitro Study Tue, 16 Jan 2018 17:39:15 +0000 greenmedinfo 158463 at https://greenmedinfo.com